What is Sandbox in Salesforce?

Sandbox:    
    Sandboxes are test environments that Salesforce provides as a “safe space” for testing and training or experimenting with different configurations, new apps, or significant changes to your setup. It enables you to create multiple copies of your production environment for testing, training, and development.

Types of Sandboxes:

Salesforce now providing four types of sandboxes.

1. Developer Sandbox
2. Developer Pro Sandbox
3. Partial Data Sandbox
4. Full Sandbox

Developer Sandbox:

    The developer sandbox is a copy of production, it copies all application and configuration information to the sandbox. This type of sandboxes is limited to 200MB of test or sample data, which is enough for many developments and testing tasks. You can refresh a developer sandbox once per day.

Developer Pro Sandbox:

    Developer Pro sandboxes copy all of your production organization’s reports, dashboards, price books, products, apps, and customizations under Setup, but exclude all of your organization’s standard and custom object records, documents, and attachments. This type of sandboxes is limited to 1GB of test or sample data. We can refresh developer pro-type sandboxes once per day.

Partial Data Sandbox:

    A Partial Data sandbox is a Developer sandbox plus the data you define in a sandbox template. It includes the reports, dashboards, price books, products, apps, and customizations under Setup (including all of your metadata). Additionally, as defined by your sandbox template, Partial Data sandboxes can include your organization’s standard and custom object records, documents, and attachments up to 5 GB of data and a maximum of 10,000 records per selected object. A Partial Data sandbox is smaller than a Full sandbox and has a shorter refresh interval. You can refresh a Partial Data sandbox every 5 days.

    Sandbox templates allow you to pick specific objects and data to copy to your sandbox, so you can control the size and content of each sandbox. Sandbox templates are only available for Partial Data or Full sandboxes.

Full Copy Sandbox:

    Full copy sandboxes are an exact copy of production including standard and custom objects records, attachments, and documents. You can refresh the full copy sandbox every 29 days.